鲐鱼调味煮干品加工技术的研究

根据我国消费、生产现况和鲐鱼的加工特性，在国内外现有的调味煮品加工技术基础上进行了改进，研制出一种新型调味煮干品－鲐鱼鱼肉干。改进后的工艺特点：（１）将采肉后漂洗改为去皮和去皮下脂肪后采肉，避免了鱼皮、皮下脂肪的混入，省去了漂洗、脱水等复杂的工序和设备；避免了水溶性蛋白质等的流失，提高了成品率。（２）产品熬煮后烘干至水份活度０．７０左右，能在常温下保质四个月以上，避免了传统调味煮熟品高糖高盐、容易     

Age validation,growth and annual reproductive cycle of chub mackerel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scomber japonicus</Emphasis> off the waters of northern Kyushu and in the East China Sea

The age and growth of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus collected from the East China Sea and the northern waters off Kyushu between June 2000 and June 2001 were determined by observing the otolith surface after dipping it in xylene. The translucent and opaque zones on the otolith surface were identified, and the number of translucent zones was counted. Monthly changes in the frequency of fish with translucent zones on the otolith margin, and in the marginal increments, indicated that the translucent zones were formed between April and June. The seasonal pattern of annulus formation on the otolith became clear by observing the otoliths of fish with known ages, and the otolith formation in wild fish was consistent with that of fish with known ages. The mean gonadosomatic index of male and female fish was high from March to May, and spawning females were observed from mid-March to mid-May. The estimated ages were 1–5 years for males and 1–6 years for females. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters did not significantly differ between male and female. The model was obtained as FL _t=406×{1−exp[−0.372×(t+1.68)]     

Variation in the trophic position of common stream fishes and its relationship to the presence of a rare fish,northern leatherside chub (Lepidomeda copei)

Variation in trophic position can be caused by structural changes in food webs that may affect the presence of, or be affected by the presence of, individual species. We examined variation in the trophic position of fishes across 14 stream sites in the Bear River drainage, WY, USA. This drainage is the focus of ongoing conservation of northern leatherside chub (Lepidomeda copei). Our goals were (i) to describe variation in trophic position of individual species and (ii) to determine whether these measures differed between sites with and without northern leatherside chub. Mean trophic position of individual fish species varied between 0 and 3 trophic positions across sites. For two of these species, trophic position declined at sites without northern leatherside chub. Importantly, habitat surveys from a previous study at 10 of these sites revealed no differences in habitat suitability for northern leatherside chub. This suggests that trophic position revealed systematic differences among sites that were not apparent based on traditional species‐habitat modelling. We outline possible mechanisms behind these patterns and argue that monitoring variation in trophic position can complement traditional, habitat‐based methods for understanding species distributions.     

Daily ration of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius larvae

SUMMARY: Diel successive samplings of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius larvae were conducted throughout 24 h both in the sea and in captivity in order to estimate their daily ration. Using the Elliott and Persson model, the instantaneous gastric evacuation rate was estimated from the depletion of stomach contents (% dry bodyweight) with time during the night for wild fish (3.0–11.5 mm standard length) and from starvation experiments for reared fish (8, 10, and 15 days after hatching (DAH)). Japanese Spanish mackerel is a daylight feeder and exhibited piscivorous habits from first feeding both in the sea and in captivity. Feeding activity peaked at dusk. The estimated daily ration for wild larvae were 111.1 and 127.2% in 1996 and 1997, respectively; and those for reared larvae ranged from 90.6 to 111.7% of dry bodyweight. Based on the estimated value of daily rations for reared fish, the total number of newly hatched red sea bream Pagrus major larvae preyed by a Japanese Spanish mackerel from first feeding (5 DAH) to beginning of juvenile stage (20 DAH) in captivity was calculated to be 1139–1404.     

鲐鱼鱼精中5_脱氧核苷酸的分离工艺

论述了用桔青霉PenicilliumcitrinumM71菌株,经液体培养制得的5＇-磷酸二酯酶降解鲐鱼鱼精DNA成5＇-脱氧核苷酸的分离工艺.分离采用201×8阴离子交换树脂,具体条件为柱床高l05mm,柱床直径45mm,样品浓度213mg@mL-1,洗脱流速0.5mL@cm-2@min-1.分离结果表明,采用0.005MHCl+0.04MNaCl作洗脱刺,流速为0.7mL@cm-2@min-1时,四种5'-脱氧核苷酸组分能完全被洗脱下来,且呈一个大峰,同其它成分分开,再先后采用0.0018MHCl、0.0028MHCl、0.036MNaCl(pH6.0)、0.005MHCl+0.02MNaCl作洗脱剂时,则能分别将dCMP、dAMP、TMP、dGMP完全分离.     

鲐鱼鱼精中5′-脱氧核苷酸的分离工艺

论述了用桔青霉PenicilliumcitrinumM71菌株 ,经液体培养制得的 5′ -磷酸二酯酶降解鲐鱼鱼精DNA成5′ -脱氧核苷酸的分离工艺。分离采用 2 0 1× 8阴离子交换树脂 ,具体条件为 :柱床高 1 0 5mm ,柱床直径 45mm ,样品浓度 2 1 3mg·mL-1,洗脱流速 0 .5mL·cm-2 ·min-1。分离结果表明 ,采用 0 .0 0 5MHCl 0 .0 4MNaCl作洗脱剂 ,流速为 0 .7mL·cm-2 ·min-1时 ,四种 5’ -脱氧核苷酸组分能完全被洗脱下来 ,且呈一个大峰 ,同其它成分分开 ,再先后采用 0 .0 0 1 8MHCl、0 .0 0 2 8MHCl、0 .0 36MNaCl(pH6 .0 )、0 .0 0 5MHCl 0 .0 2MNaCl作洗脱剂时 ,则能分别将dCMP、dAMP、TMP、dGMP完全分离     

毛里塔尼亚海域日本鲭时空分布与海洋环境的关系

根据2017年9月20日至12月31日在毛里塔尼亚海域112个站点的调查数据，研究日本鲭（Scomber japonicus）的时空分布规律，并采用分位数回归的方法对随机选取的78％的站点数据建立其单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)与叶绿素a浓度、海表面温度、海表面盐度的关系模型, 并利用剩下22%的站点数据验证所建立的模型的有效性，利用广义加性模型（GAM）评价环境因子的影响程度。根据分位数模型，计算日本鲭的栖息地综合指数（integrated habitat index,IHI），对建模站点和验证站点的CPUE实测值与预测值进行Wilcoxon(符号秩)检验，用Spearman相关系数结合双尾检验检验其CPUE实测值与预测值之间的相关性，分析IHI与CPUE的关系。结果表明:（1）海表面温度对日本鲭CPUE的影响最显著，其次是温盐的交互作用和海表面盐度，叶绿素a浓度对其无显著影响；（2）建模站点和验证站点的CPUE预测值与实测值间皆无显著性差异；（3）IHI模型对CPUE具有良好的预测效果；（4）IHI分布较高的海域为17°25′W-17°45′W，20°15′N-20°45′N。根据上述结果，建议我国渔船在下半年作业时，作业范围应集中在这一区域，以提高渔获产量。     

Immunohistochemical distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the digestive system of different aquatic vertebrates

The distribution of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-positive cells in digestive tracts and pancreases of aquatic vertebrates was investigated by immunohistochemical staining method. The results suggested that GLP-1-positive cells were distributed in the columnar mucous epithelium and tubular glands of lamina propria in the digestive system. However, GLP-1-positive cells were also found in subepithelial lamina propria of the mucosae and muscularis in each segment of the digestive tract of Rana nigromaculata. The distribution densities of these cells reached peaks in the stomachs, and the middle or end segments of small intestines of Chinese softshell turtle, Bufo gargarizans, R. nigromaculata and catfish, and there was the third distribution density peak in the rectum of catfish. The total amount or overall density of GLP-1-positive cells varied a lot in the digestive tracts of different animal species. The distribution density was relatively low in the digestive tract of chub and reached the maximum in the digestive tracts of snakehead and catfish, but no GLP-1-positive cells were found in the digestive tract of bighead carp. GLP-1-positive cells were densely distributed in the pancreases of Chinese softshell turtle, B. gargarizans and R. nigromaculata. These cells spread over the superficial layers of islets or scattered in exocrine pancreas in the pancreas of B. gargarizans, spread in the endocrine cells or scattered in the pancreas of Chinese softshell turtle, scattered in the pancreas of R. nigromaculata and distributed in the superficial layers of islets in the pancreas of catfish.     

鲐鱼肉酶解物添加量对带鱼鱼糜蛋白抗冻效果的影响

为了提高冷冻带鱼鱼糜的抗冻能力,本试验以肌原纤维蛋白溶解度、Ca2+-ATPase活性、活性巯基含量以及鱼糜保水性为指标,研究鲐鱼肉酶解物添加量对冻藏带鱼鱼糜抗冷冻变性效果的影响,以确定鲐鱼肉酶解物合适的添加剂量.结果表明,随着酶解物添加量的增加,带鱼鱼糜蛋白的抗冻能力随之增加,但添加量达到5％后,随着酶解物剂量的增加,抗冻能力增强幅度变小,鲐鱼肉酶解物合适的添加量为5％ ～7％.综上所述,添加5％ ～7％鲐鱼肉酶解物,能有效抑制带鱼鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白的冷冻变性,提高鱼糜保水性,鲐鱼肉酶解物有望成为良好的鱼糜抗冻剂.